The Qur'an mentions that God brought Adam and Eve down to earth
Allah said,“Descend as enemies to each other, You will find in the earth a residenceand provision for your appointed stay.”
(Al-A’raf24)
God said it before to the angels
˹Remember˺when your Lord said to the angels, “I am going to place a successive ˹human˺authority on earth.”
(Al-Baqara30)
It was not indicated where he landed on the ground.
But there were some rumors that are
That he landed on the highest peakof a mountain in India on an island Sri Lanka, "formerly Ceylon" and that his foot affected the rock there.
It is also rumored that he landed in one place and Eve in another place, Jeddah, and after searching and tiredness, they met on Mount Arafat, so it was called by this name for this reason.
It is also said that he was buried in the Arabian Peninsula and has a tomb sixty cubits long, but all this is not
evidenced by valid evidence, especially since thousands of years have passed on it, and the effects that passed less than that are still unknown.
Of course, Adam was buried in the earth after his death; that was followed by his descendants until God inherites the earth
and those on it.
When the earth is shaken ˹in˺ its ultimate quaking, and when the earth throws out˹all˺ its contents
(Az-Zalzalah 1-2) its contents are the dead in the graves.
It was mentioned that Adam died in Mecca on Friday, and the angels came to him with spices (perfumes) and a shroud from God Almighty from the bliss of Paradise, so they washed him and shroud him and dug him in the ground, then they prayed for him and entered his grave, then urged him to dust, and comforted his son "Seth", and then they said Oh human this is your year way and all the ones coming after you
It has also been reported that Adam died in Mecca on Friday and was buried in a tomb in the cave of Abu Qubays.
It is also reported that after the pilgrimage, Adam returned to India and died there
And they buried him in Serendib where he landed.
It was also said that he was buried between Jerusalem and the Mosque of Ibrahim, and it was said otherwise
it was estimated that Adam Aalaih AlSalam stayed on earth around 1000 years
And Eve lived a year after him, and it was said three days and she was buried by his side
From this, we find that there is no definitive evidence of the place of his landing or the place of his burial, and
God knows best.
Sons of Adam and Eve
Cain (Qabel) and Abel (Habel), sonsof the Prophet of God Adam - peace be upon him - from Eve, Eve carried in each womb twins of male and female
Eve gave birth in her first womb: Qabel and his female twin, and then in the other womb, she gave birth to Habel and his twin.
It was stated in the books of some commentators that Eve had conceived Qabel and his sister Aklima in Paradise, and her pregnancy was easy and soft, so Eve did not suffer from the difficult symptoms of pregnancy and labor.
but her pregnancy with Habel and his sister Lubuda was after they went down to earth after they had eaten from the tree, and she suffered by carrying them from Cravings, fatigue, and their delivery was difficult.
The story of Qabel and Habel is mentioned in the Qur'an. Allah says:
Relate to them in truth ˹O Prophet˺ the story of Adam’s two sons—how each offered a sacrifice: one’s offering was accepted while the other’s was not, so he threatened ˹his brother˺, “I will kill you!” His brother replied, “Allah only accepts ˹the offering˺ of the sincerely devout.
If you raise your hand to kill me, I will not raise mine to kill you, because I fear Allah—the Lord of all worlds.
I want to let you bear your sin against me along with your other sins, then you will be one of those destined to the Fire. And that is the reward of the wrongdoers.”
Still, the other convinced himself to kill his own brother, so he killed him—becoming a loser.
Then Allah sent a crow digging ˹a grave˺ in the ground ˹for a dead crow˺, in order to show him how to bury the corpse of his brother. He cried, “Alas! Have I ˹even˺failed to be like this crow and bury the corpse of my brother?” So he became regretful.
(Al-Ma’idah 27-31)
Qabel was a cultivator (farmer) of the land and Habel was a shepherd of the sheep.
The sons of Adam used to marry any of their sisters they wanted except their twins who were born with them in the
same womb.
Qabel 's twins was more beautiful than Habel 's twins, and when Adam asked his children to complete that
marriage, Qabel refused to do so, because his share is the girl of less beauty, he wanted to marry his twin Aklima, and he was not satisfied with that division and also mentioned that Qabel did not accept the command of God - Almighty - and said: He is more worthy of his sister than Habel as they were born in Paradise, and Habel and his sister Lubuda were born in the earth
It should be noted that this is stated in the books of many scholars, and it is not proven in the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
After Qabel refused to marry Habel 's sister, to solve this issue, God Almighty guided Adam to some way out, which is that both Qabel and Habel offer an offering to God, and whoever offer got accepted, will get what he wanted, and be the most entitled to marry his choice, so Qabel offered some of his plants, but Habel gave the best lamb of his cattle.
Then a fire came down and ate Habel 's offering as a sign of accepting his offering, and left Qabel’s offering.
God has accepted from Habel because he was pious, obedient to God -Almighty-, and did not accept from Qabel as he
was indignant, rejecting the command of God -Almighty- and was not one of the pious.
Qabel was angry and said – as a matter of envy– to his brother Abel: {I will kill you}, so that my sister does not marry you and
because God accepted your offering, and refused mine.
Habel 's response to his brother was: {God accepts from the righteous}, Habel 's response to his brother Qabel was
a response in which he advised and guided, where he showed him the means that make his charity acceptable to God.
Moreover, Habel moved from the case of preaching to his brother to cleanse his heart of envy, to remind him of the tolerance required by the bond of brotherhood, and the righteousness required by the bond of lineage, and he said to his brother: "If you extend your hand to me to kill me, I do not extend my hand to you to kill you, for I fear God, Lord of the Worlds", and he told him that if he assaulted him unjustly and envy, he would not actually meet him himself, for fear of God,
and hatred that the Almighty would see him as a murderer of his brother.
Then Habel moved to another method of preaching and guiding his brother, as he began to warn him of the bad fate if he came to carry out his deed {I want you to repent of my iniquity and your
iniquity, so that you will be one of the owners of fire, and that is the reward of the unjust}.
Habel was a man with a good body and mind, endowed with
wisdom and preferred the satisfaction of God Almighty, and obedience to his parents satisfied with the division of his Lord, this increased the fire of envy, jealousy and hatred in the heart of Qabel and did not care for the advice of his brother, and hit the wall, and then drifted with the impulse in himself to kill him, so he committed his crime, killed his brother while he was sleeping
Thus, Habel would be the first to be killed on the earth.
After killing his brother, Qabel did not know how to hide his body and decided to carry it in a pouch on his back, confused and troubled and did not know what to do, until God Almighty sent two crows to kill, and one of the crows, killed his counterpart. Then the crow made a hole in the dirt with its beak to bury the body of the other crow and hide it under the dirt, feeling some sorrow and regret. So Qabel made a hole as the crow made for the other crow, he dug a hole for his brother’s body under the dirt to hide it from the animals
It is also reported that Qabel the murderer did not only do that crime, but left his brother lying in the open, exposed to vermin and beasts, but God sent a crow to
dig a hole in the ground to bury that lifeless cadaver that is powerless, when Qabel saw that scene, and took to blame himself for what he did, and reproached himself how this crow gave him a way, so he bit the fingers of regret and regretted very much, then Qabel said: (Oh my will, I was unable to be like this crow, so I showed my brother's ill) and then he began to do to him what that crow did, and he buried him
Perhaps it is the wisdom of God to make the first actions of the sons of Adam peace be upon him to disobey God to confirm that this is the case of all sons of Adam, we are all sinners, but the best sinners are the repentant. Therefore, everyone who sins must admit his
mistake and repent to his Lord, for he is the most knowledgeable of our situation, and he is the most merciful to us.
ذَكَرَ القرآن أن الله أهبط ادم و حواء إلى الأرض
(سورة الأعراف : 24)(قَالَ اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَلَكُمْ فِي الأرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِين)
وقال من قبلِ ذلك للملائكة (إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الأرْضِ خَلِيفَةً) (سورة البقرة: 30)
ولم يبيِّن المكان الذي هبط عليه من الأرض
و لكن وردت بعض الاقاويل و هي
أنه هبط على أعلى قمة في جبل بالهند بجزيرة
سيريلانكا، “سيلان سابقًا” وأن قدمه أثرت في الصخر هناك
كما يُشاع أنه هَبَطَ في مكان وحواء في مكان آخر هو جدة وبعد بحثٍ وتعبٍ التقيا على جبل عَرَفَات فسُمي بهذا الاسم لهذا السبب
كما يُقال : إنه دُفِنَ في جزيرة العرب وله قبرٌ طوله ستون ذراعًا، ولكن كلُّ ذلك لا يدُل عليه دليلٌ صحيحٌ، وبخاصة أن آلاف السنين مرَّت عليه ، والآثار التي مرَّ عليها أقلُّ من ذلك ما زال كثيرٌ منها مَجْهُولاً
بالطبع دُفن آدم في الأرض بعد موته؛ وكان ذلك سُنَّة مُتبعة في ذريته إلى أن يرث الله الأرض ومن عليها، (إِذَا زُلْزِلَتْ الأرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا . وَأَخْرَجَتِ الَأرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَا) (سور الزلزلة: 1،2) وهم الموتى في القبور
هذا، وقد ذكر ايضا أنه صعدت روح النبي آدم إلى السماء، في يوم الجمعة، وجاءته الملائكة بحنوط (عطور) وكفن من عند الله عز وجل من نعيم الجنة، فغسلوه وكفنوه وحفروا له في الأرض ولحدوه، ثم صلواعليه وادخلوه قبره، ثم حثوا عليه التراب، وعزوا فيه ابنه "شيث"، ثم
قالوا يابني آدم هذه سنتكم
وورد انه
مات بمكة يوم الجمعة ودُفِنَ في قبر بغار أبي قبيس
وورد ايضا أن آدم بعدما حجَّ عاد إلى الهِند ومات بها
و أنهم دفنوه في “سرنديب” في الموضع الذي أُهْبِط فيه
وقيل: دُفن بين بيت المقدس ومسجد إبراهيم ، وقيل غير ذلك
تشير التقديرات إلى أن آدم عليه السلام بقي على الأرض حوالي 1000 عام
وعاشت حواء بعده سنة، وقيل ثلاثة أيام ودُفِنَت بجنبه
وكلُّ ذلك كلامٌ ليس عليه دليل صحيح
و من هذا نجد انه لا يوجد دليل مؤكد على مكان هبوطه و لا مكان دفنه و الله أعلم
أبناء ادم و حواء
قابيل وهابيل أبناء نبيّ الله آدم -عليه السّلام- من حوّاء، وكانت حوّاء تحمِلُ في كلّ بطنٍ توأماً من ذكرٍ وأنثى
فقد أنجبت حواء في بطنها الأوّل: قابيل وتوأمته الأنثى، ومن ثمّ أنجبت في البطن الآخر: هابيل وتوأمته
جاء في كتب بعض المفسّرين أنّ حواء كانت قد حملت بقابيل وأخته أَقْلِيمَا في الجنّة، وكان حملها سهلاً ليّناً، فلم تعاني حوّاء من أعراض الحمل الصّعبة من وحمٍ
وتَعَبٍ، وطَلق، أمّا حملها بهابيل وأخته لُبودا كان بعد نزولهما إلى الأرض بعد أن أكَلا من الشجرة، فعانت بحملهما من الوَحم، والتّعب، وأصابها الطّلق
وردت قصة قابيل و هابيل في القرآن الكريم. قال الله تعالى: (وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ* لَئِن بَسَطتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ*إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَن تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ* فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ* فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ ۚ قَالَ يَا وَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي ۖ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ).
كان قابيل من زرّاع الأرض و هابيل من رعاة الأغنام
وكان أبناء آدم يتزوّجون من أيّ أخواتهم شاؤوا إلّا توأمتهم التي وُلِدت معهم في نفس البطن
وكانت توأم قابيل أجمل من توأم هابيل، وعندما طلب آدم من أبنائه إتمام ذلك الزّواج أبى قابيل ذلك؛ لأنّ نصيبه هو الفتاة ذات الجمال الأقل، فقد أراد أن يتزوّج من توأمه، ولم يرض بتلك القسمة و ذكر أيضا أن قابيل لم يقبل بأمر الله -تعالى- وقال: إنّه أحقُّ بأخته من هابيل، فهما قد وُلِدا في الجنّة، وهابيل وأخته وُلِدا في الأرض مع الإشارة إلى أنّ ذلك جاء في كتب العديد من أهل العلم، ولم يثبت في نصوص القرآن والسنّة.
بعد أن رَفَضَ قابيل الزّواج من أختِ هابيل،
ولحلّ تلك القضيّة هدى الله تعالى آدم إلى مخرجٍ ما، وهو أن يقدّم كلٌّ من قابيل وهابيل قربانًا إلى الله، والّذي يُقبل قربانه سينال مراده، و يكون الأحقّ بالزّواج من أقليما، فقام قابيل بتقديم بعضًا
.من زرعه أما هابيل فقدم حمل من أحب أنعامه
فنزلت نارٌ فأكلت قربان هابيل علامة على قبول قربانه، وتركت لقابيل قربانه
فتقبّل الله من هابيل لأنّه كان تقيّاً، مُطيعاً لله -سبحانه وتعالى-، ولم يتقبّل من قابيل قُربانه، فقد كان ساخطاً، رافضاً لأمر الله -تعالى- ولم يكُن من المُتّقين
فغضب قابيل فقال -على سبيل الحسد- لأخيه هابيل: {لأقتلنك}، لأقتلنّك كي لا تنكح أختي و بسبب قبول قربانك، ورفض قبول قرباني، فكان رد هابيل على أخيه: {إنما يتقبل الله من المتقين}، فكان ردُّ هابيل لأخيه قابيل ردًّا فيه نصح وإرشاد؛ حيث بيَّن له الوسيلة التي تجعل صدقته مقبولة عند الله.
ثم إن هابيل انتقل من حال وعظ أخيه بتطهير قلبه من الحسد، إلى تذكيره بما تقتضيه رابطة الأخوة من تسامح، وما تستدعيه لحمة النسب من بر، فقال لأخيه: {لئن بسطت إلي يدك لتقتلني ما أنا بباسط يدي إليك لأقتلك إني أخاف الله رب العالمين}، فأخبره أنه إن اعتدى عليه بالقتل ظلماً وحسداً، فإنه لن يقابله بالفعل نفسه؛ خوفاً من الله، وكراهية أن يراه سبحانه قاتلاً لأخيه.
ثم انتقل هابيل إلى أسلوب آخر في وعظ أخيه وإرشاده؛ إذ أخذ يحذره من سوء المصير إن هو أقبل على تنفيذ فعلته {إني أريد أن تبوء بإثمي وإثمك فتكون من أصحاب النار وذلك جزاء الظالمين}. و كان هابيل رجلًا موفور الجسم والعقل، وُهب الحكمة وآثر رضا الله تعالى، وطاعة والديه راضيًا بقسمة ربّه، وقد غلت نار الحسد والغيرة والحقد في قلب قابيل ولم يرعوِ لنصائح أخيه، وضرب بها عُرْض الحائط، ثم انساق مع هوى نفسه، وزينت له نفسه الإقدام على قتله، فارتكب جريمته، فقتل أخاه و هو نائم
وبهذا يكون هابيل أوّل من قُتل على سطح الأرض
لم يعرف قابيل كيف يواري جثّة أخيه، وقرّر أن يحمله في جراب على ظهره حائراً ومضطرباً لا يعلم ما يفعل، إلى أن بعث الله تعالى غرابين يقتتلان، فقتل أحد الغرابين نظيره. ثم قام الغراب بعمل حفرةٍ في التّراب بمنقاره ليواري فيها جثّة الغراب الآخر ويخفيها تحت التّراب، تشعرًا بشيء من الحسرة والنّدم. وقام بعمل حفرة كما صنع الغراب للغراب الآخر، فحفر حفرةٍ لأخيه دافنًا جثّته تحت التّراب ليواريها من السباع وغيرها من الحيوانات
كما ورد أن قابيل القاتل لم يكتف بفعل تلك الجريمة، بل ترك أخاه ملقى في العراء، معرضاً للهوام والوحوش، ولكن بعث الله غرابا يحفر في الأرض حفرة ليدفن تلك الجثة الهامدة التي لا حول لها ولا قوة من البشر، فلما رأى قابيل ذلك المشهد، وأخذ يلوم نفسه على ما أقدم عليه، وعاتب نفسه كيف يكون هذا الغراب أهدى منه سبيلاً ، فعض أصابع الندامة، وندم ندماً شديداً، فقال عندها قابيل: (يَا وَيْلَتَى أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءةَ أَخِي) ثم أخذ يفعل به ما فعل ذاك الغراب فواراه ودفنه تحت التراب.
و لعل من حكمة الله أن جعل أول أفعال أبناء ادم عليه السلام أن يعصي الله لتاكيد أن هذا حال ابن ادم فكلنا خطاء و لكن خير الخطائين التوابون. و لهذا يجب على كل من يخطئ أن يعترف بخطاه و يتوب لربه فهو الأعلم بحالنا
و هو التواب الرحيم
